JOSIAH

JOSIAH
JOSIAH (middle of the second century C.E.), tanna. His father's name is not known. He originated in Babylon and apparently taught in Huẓal (Git. 61a). He discussed law in Nisibis with judah b. bathyra . At that time he was already quoting halakhot he heard in the name of "the Men of Jerusalem" (Sif. Num. 123; Deut. 218). Later he moved to Ereẓ Israel, where he studied under R. Ishmael (Men. 57b). He is mentioned in the Talmud about 50 times, never in the Mishnah, and once in the Tosefta (Shevu. 1:7). He is quoted very often in the Mekhilta, and in the Sifrei on Numbers, both of which belong to the school of R. Ishmael. Very frequently he appears alongside his colleague Jonathan, another of R. Ishmael's pupils, with whom Josiah often disagrees. Their disagreements as a rule depend on different methods of biblical interpretation, both variants of R. Ishmael's particular method (Yoma 57–58; Sota 24–25, et al.). A characteristic method of his is Sares ha-Mikra ve-Doreshehu, i.e., "transpose the order of the words (lit. "emasculate") of the verse and then interpret it." His talmudic dicta cover a wide variety of subjects. One of his most famous rulings, which was accepted by the posekim, concerns heterogeneous sowing in a vineyard and so limits culpability as to make the interdiction almost nonexistent as far as the biblical law is concerned (Kid. 39a et al.). Many of his other rulings also incline to leniency. Although from Babylon, he firmly upheld the authority of the Great bet din in Jerusalem as the sole body competent to intercalate the year (Mekh. Pisḥa 2). Josiah was still alive in the first age of the amoraim and is therefore sometimes called Josiah the Great, to distinguish him from an amora of the same name (Sanh. 19b). Of his few aggadic dicta, the following may be noted: "the deeds of the righteous yield fruit … the deeds of the wicked do not produce fruit, for if they produced fruit they would destroy the world" (Gen. R. 33:1); "If a good deed comes your way, do it immediately" (Mekh. Pisḥa 9). -BIBLIOGRAPHY: Bacher, Tann; Frankel, Mishnah, 154–7; Hyman,   Toledot, 529–31; Neusner, Babylonia, 1 (1965), 128–35; idem, in: PAAJR, 30 (1962), 92ff. (Harry Freedman)

Encyclopedia Judaica. 1971.

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  • JOSIAH — (Heb. יׁאושִׁיּהוּ ,יׁאשִׁיָּהוּ), son of Amon, king of Judah (640–609 B.C.E.). When his father was assassinated, Josiah, then only eight years old, was proclaimed king. His reign was marked by a great national revival, and the author of the Book …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Josiah — ist ein männlicher Vorname hebräischer Herkunft mit der Bedeutung „Gott unterstützt“.[1][2] Bekannte Namensträger Josiah Bartlett (1729–1795), britisch US amerikanischer Arzt und Politiker Josiah Begole (1815–1896), US amerikanischer Politiker… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Josiah X — Personnage de fiction apparaissant dans Josiah X Alias Josiah al hajj Saddiq, Josiah Bradley, A 39, Josiah Smith, Captain America …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Josiah Ng — Onn Lam (* 2. Februar 1980 in Manila) ist ein malaysischer Bahnradsportler. Seit 2002 ist Josiah Ng international im Radsport aktiv. Bei den Asienspielen in Busan in jenem Jahr wurde er Dritter im Keirin. Seitdem belegte er bei Weltcup Rennen… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Josiah Ng — Onn Lam (born February 2, 1980 in Manila, Philippines) is a Malaysian track cyclist. He will be competing in the Beijing Olympics 2008. The twenty eight year old became the 2004 Malaysian Olympian and Sportsman of the Year after participating in… …   Wikipedia

  • JOSIAH — (third century C.E.), Palestinian amora. Josiah was a pupil of Johanan, in whose name he transmitted teachings (TJ, Kil. 9:4, 32b; Ḥul. 128a; et al.). He also studied under Kahana (TJ, RH 1:1, 56d), who upon his death ordered that part of his… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Josiah — m Biblical name (meaning ‘God heals’ in Hebrew) borne by a king of Judah, whose story is recounted in 2 Kings 22–3. This was fairly frequently used as a given name in the English speaking world, especially among Dissenters, from the 18th to the… …   First names dictionary

  • Josiah — [jō sī′ə, jōzī′ə] n. [Heb yōshīyāh, lit., the Lord supports] Bible a king of Judah in the 7th cent. B.C.: 2 Kings 22, 23: abbrev. Jos …   English World dictionary

  • Josiah — For other people of the same name, see Josiah (given name). Josiah King of Judah Reign 641/640 to 610/609 BC Born c. 648 BC …   Wikipedia

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